Jun

28

Fish Oil For Your Garden

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Product Description
Pharm Solutions Inc. Foliar Fish Fertilizer With Pure Fish Oils Foliar Fish Fertilizer with Potassium Bicarbonate added. Feed &Treat Roses Flowers Veggies Garden Fungus 100% Pure Fish Pharm is a superior fermented Salmon byproduct that will delight you with results. No messy mixing. Used weekly Potassium Bicarbonate will prevent Powdery Mildew, control Rust, Blackspot and more.Your pure and natural answer to Garden Pests. Designed with your family and the environment in mind, all ingredients are pure and natural, food or pharmaceutical grade. This product contains no alcohol or anti-microbials.

Jun

25

LIPIDS AND VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTS ON IMMUNE FUNCTIONS IN RA-PRONE MICE

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ω-3 LIPIDS AND VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTS ON IMMUNE FUNCTIONS IN RA-PRONE MICE

J. T. Venkatraman, Ph.D.

Department of Physical Therapy, Exercise & Nutrition Sciences

State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214.

ω-3 fatty acid rich-fish oil (FO) and vitamin E (vit-E) may delay the progress of certain autoimmune (AI) diseases. The present study examined the mechanism of action of ω3 and ω6 lipids and vit-E in autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr (lpr) mice. The lpr (lymphoproliferative) gene is overexpressed in these mice and they suffer from extensive lymphoproliferation, lupus-like symptoms and accelerated aging. To determine whether the effects of ω-3 lipids in autoimmune disease (AI) is linked to vit-E levels, weanling female MRL/lpr (lpr) and congenic control MRL/+/+ (+/+) mice were fed semipurified diets containing 10% corn oil (CO), 10% fish oil (FO), at two levels of vit-E (75 IU or 500 IU/kg diet) for 4m and cellular immune functions were measured. Proliferative response to lectins was significantly higher in the groups fed the high-vit E diets. The type of oil had significant effects on IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, PGE2 and TXB2) while vit-E levels had significant effects on IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. Strain had significant effects on IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, PGE2 and TXB2 levels IL-1 while IL-6 levels were not affected.

The level of anti-DNA antibodies in sera were significantly higher in lpr mice. FO significantly decreased IL-12, TNF-α and TXB2 levels compared to the CO fed groups. However, PGE2, IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 did not show differences between the two oils. The expression of IL-12 and TNF-α was significantly higher in the low vit-E groups, but not IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and the hormones. The levels of IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-γ were lower while IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α were higher in lpr mice. The production of chemokines RANTES and MCP-1 by spleen cells was higher in MRL/lpr mice. FO decreased the production of these two chemokines by spleen cells in the MRL/lpr mice.

Autoimmune mice generally express lower activities and mRNA levels of liver antioxidant enzymes and generate higher levels of TBARS. Both FO and vit-E can significantly decrease the generation of TBARS and increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes.

In summary, data from this study suggest that adding appropriate levels of vit-E to FO diets may further enhance the beneficial effects of ω-3 lipids in delaying AI. The present study suggests that ω-3 lipids containing appropriate levels of vit-E may delay AI through modulating the levels of selected cytokines chemokines, and enzymes involved in antioxidant defense. Vit-E seems to exert selective effects on proliferative response and specific subsets and selected cytokines. (Supported by NIAMS (NIH) grant # 1R15AR/A143517).

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